MHI-004

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**Course Code: MHI-004**

**Course Title: Political Ideas and Ideologies**

**Course Overview:**
MHI-004, Political Ideas and Ideologies, is a thought-provoking course that examines the major political theories and ideologies that have influenced political thought and practice throughout history. This course aims to provide students with a deep understanding of the philosophical foundations, key concepts, and real-world applications of various political ideologies.

**Course Objectives:**
1. To explore the fundamental concepts and principles of political theory.
2. To study the development and evolution of major political ideologies.
3. To analyze the impact of political ideas on historical and contemporary political systems.
4. To understand the philosophical underpinnings of political thought.
5. To critically evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of different political ideologies.

**Course Content:**
1. **Introduction to Political Theory:**
   - Definition and scope of political theory
   - Key concepts: state, government, power, authority, and justice
   - The relationship between political theory and political practice

2. **Classical Political Thought:**
   - Ancient Greek political philosophy: Plato and Aristotle
   - Medieval political thought: St. Augustine and Thomas Aquinas
   - Renaissance and early modern political thought: Machiavelli and Hobbes

3. **Liberalism:**
   - The foundations of liberal thought: John Locke and Montesquieu
   - The development of classical liberalism: Adam Smith and John Stuart Mill
   - Modern liberalism and its critics

4. **Socialism and Marxism:**
   - The origins of socialist thought: Rousseau and early socialists
   - Marxist theory: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
   - Variants of socialism: democratic socialism, Leninism, and Maoism

5. **Conservatism:**
   - The roots of conservative thought: Edmund Burke and the reaction to the French Revolution
   - Modern conservatism: traditionalism, libertarianism, and neoconservatism
   - Conservative critiques of liberalism and socialism

6. **Other Ideologies:**
   - Nationalism: origins, development, and contemporary perspectives
   - Fascism: ideological foundations and historical manifestations
   - Feminism: key ideas and the feminist critique of traditional political theories
   - Environmentalism: political theories focused on ecological sustainability and green politics

7. **Contemporary Political Ideologies:**
   - Postmodernism and its impact on political theory
   - Globalization and its ideological implications
   - The rise of identity politics and multiculturalism

**Learning Outcomes:**
By the end of the course, students will be able to:
- Identify and explain the key concepts and principles of major political ideologies.
- Analyze the historical development and evolution of political ideas.
- Evaluate the impact of political ideologies on contemporary political systems and issues.
- Critically assess the strengths and weaknesses of various political theories.
- Understand the relevance of political ideas to real-world political practices.

**Assessment:**
The course assessment may include written assignments, examinations, project work, and participation in class discussions to evaluate the understanding and analytical skills of students.

**Recommended Readings:**
A selection of textbooks, primary sources, and scholarly articles will be recommended to provide a comprehensive understanding of the topics covered in the course.